Taxomony

Goossens B. et al (2009) Taxonomy, geographic variation and population genetics of Bornean and Sumatran orangutans. In S.A. Wich et al eds. Orangutans Geographic variation in Behavioral Ecology and Conservation.

Van Schaik C.P. & Delgado R. (2000). The behavioral ecology and conservation of the orangutan: A tale of two islands. Evolutionary Anthropology

Orangutan Evolution

Begun, D.R. (2004). Sivapithecus is east, and Dryopithecus is west, and never the twain shall meet. Anthropological Science.

Dawkins R. (2004) The Ancestor’s Tale. Houghton Miffin

Fleagle J.G. (1999) Primate Adaptation and Evolution- Second Edition. Elsevier Academic Press

Galdikas B. (1999). Orangutan Odyssey. Harry N. Abrams.

Lockwood C. (2007). The Human Story. Natural History Museum, London

Palmer D (1999). The Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals. Marshall Editions

Palmer D. (2010). Origins- Human Evolution Revealed. Octopus Publishing Group Ltd.

Redmond I. (2008). The Primate Family Tree. Firefly Books Ltd.

Senut B., Pickford M., Gommery D., Mein P., Cheboi K., Coppens Y. (2001) First Hominid from the Miocene. Human Paleontology

Morphology

Goossens B. et al (2009) Taxonomy, geographic variation and population genetics of Bornean and Sumatran orangutans. In S.A. Wich et al eds. Orangutans Geographic variation in Behavioral Ecology and Conservation.

Morris D. (2008) Planet Ape. Octopus Publishing Group Ltd.

Taylor A.B. (2009) The functional significance of variation in jaw form in orangutans. In S.A. Wich et al eds. Orangutans Geographic variation in Behavioral Ecology and Conservation.

Van Schaik C.P. & Delgado R. (2000). The behavioral ecology and conservation of the orangutan: A tale of two islands. Evolutionary Anthropology

Diet

Galdikas B.M.F. (1988) Orangutaan diet, range, and activity at Tanjung Puting. International Journal of Primatology.

Morris D. (2008) Planet Ape. Octopus Publishing Group Ltd.

Morrogh-Bernard H.C et al (2009) Orangutan activity budgets and diet. In S.A. Wich et al eds. Orangutans Geographic variation in Behavioral Ecology and Conservation.

Russon A. et al (2009a) Geographic variation in orangutan diets. In S.A. Wich et al eds. Orangutans Geographic variation in Behavioral Ecology and Conservation.

Life History

Delgado R.A. et al (2009) Geographical variation in orangutan long calls. In S.A. Wich et al eds. Orangutans Geographic variation in Behavioral Ecology and Conservation.

Galdikas B. (1999). Orangutan Odyssey. Harry N. Abrams.

Harrison M.E. and Chivers D.J. (2006) The orangutan mating system and the unflanged male. A product of increased food stress during the late Miocene and Pliocene? Journal of Human Evolution.

Singleton I. et al (2009) Ranging behavior of orangutan females and social organization. In S.A. Wich et al eds. Orangutans Geographic variation in Behavioral Ecology and Conservation.

Utami S. et al (2009a) Male-male relationships in orangutans. In S.A. Wich et al eds. Orangutans Geographic variation in Behavioral Ecology and Conservation.

Utami S. et al (2009b) Orangutan mating behavior and strategies. In S.A. Wich et al eds. Orangutans Geographic variation in Behavioral Ecology and Conservation.

van Noordwijk M.A. et al (2009) Development of Independence. In S.A. Wich et al eds. Orangutans Geographic variation in Behavioral Ecology and Conservation.

Wich S. et al (2009) Orangutan life history variation. In S.A. Wich et al eds. Orangutans Geographic variation in Behavioral Ecology and Conservation.

Relationships and Mating Strategies

Galdikas B. (1999). Orangutan Odyssey. Harry N. Abrams.

Harrison M.E. and Chivers D.J. (2006) The orangutan mating system and the unflanged male. A product of increased food stress during the late Miocene and Pliocene? Journal of Human Evolution.

Knott C., Beaudrot L., Snaith T., White S., Tschauner H., Planansky G. (2008) Female-female competition in Bornean orangutans. International Journal of Primatology.

Setia T.M. et al (2009) Social organization and male-females relationships. In S.A. Wich et al eds. Orangutans Geographic variation in Behavioral Ecology and Conservation.

Utami S. et al (2009a) Male-male relationships in orangutans. In S.A. Wich et al eds. Orangutans Geographic variation in Behavioral Ecology and Conservation.

Utami S. et al (2009b) Orangutan mating behavior and strategies. In S.A. Wich et al eds. Orangutans Geographic variation in Behavioral Ecology and Conservation.

van Noordwijk M.A. et al (2009) Development of Independence. In S.A. Wich et al eds. Orangutans Geographic variation in Behavioral Ecology and Conservation.

Vocal Repertoire

Delgado R.A. (2006). Sexual selection in the loud calls of male primates: Signal content and function. International Journal of Primatology.

Hardus M.E et al. (2009) A Description of the orangutan’s vocal and sound repertoire, with a focus on geographic variation. In S.A. Wich et al eds. Orangutans Geographic variation in Behavioral Ecology and Conservation.

Mitani J.C. (1985) Sexual selection and adult male orangutan long calls. Animal Behavior.

Utami S. et al (2009a) Male-male relationships in orangutans. In S.A. Wich et al eds. Orangutans Geographic variation in Behavioral Ecology and Conservation.

Utami S. et al (2009b) Orangutan mating behavior and strategies. In S.A. Wich et al eds. Orangutans Geographic variation in Behavioral Ecology and Conservation.

Intelligence & Innovation

Galdikas B.M.F. (1982) Orangutan tool use at Tanjung Puting Reserve. Journal of Human Evolution.

Galdikas B. (1995) Reflections of Eden. Little Brown & Company

Russon A. (2004) Orangutans: Wizards of the Rainforest. Firefly Books

Russon. A.E et al (2009b) Innovation and intelligence in orangutans. In S.A. Wich et al eds. Orangutans Geographic variation in Behavioral Ecology and Conservation.

Shapiro, G. (1982) Sign acquisition in a home-reared/free-ranging  orangutan: comparisons with other signing apes. American Journal of Primatology, 3:121-129.

Shapiro, G. and Galdikas, B (1999) Sign Learning by an Adult, Free-ranging Orangutan, in S. Parker et al eds. The Mentalities of Gorillas and Orangutans, Cambridge Univ. Press.

Van Schaik C.P, Fox E.A. and Fechtman L.T. (2003). Individual variation in the rate of use of tree-hole tools among wild orangutans: Implications for hominin evolution. Journal of Human Evolution.

Parasites & Disease

Foitova I et al. (2009) Parasites and their impacts on orangutan health. In S.A. Wich et al eds. Orangutans Geographic variation in Behavioral Ecology and Conservation.

Morrogh-Bernard H. (2008). Fur-rubbing as a form of self medication. International Journal of Primatology.